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Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 211 This example causes ZCOMM to ask for a name when F12 (shift F2) is typed. The name is read into string parameter S1, which is then used as part of the argument for the find command. The find command searches the telephone directory for lines beginning with the string you just typed in. To match only lines starting with the given string, a linefeed (\n) is prepended to the argument of the find command. When the obey command executes, the backslash-space sequences translate to spaces, and the double backslash translates to a single backslash. The space after "find" and after "%s1" must be escaped because the obey command accepts a single string argument. If these spaces were not escaped, the obey command would not "see" the rest of the line after "find". The find command performs its own character escape translation, changing the \n to a linefeed character. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 24 Test Conditions Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 212 25. TEST CONDITIONS (if, on, while commands) The following conditions may be tested with the if, on and while commands. Where a string parameter is indicated, it is an error to specify a nonexistient string parameter. When an immediate string argument is indicated, that argument is delimited only by white space. As a result, if "is1,hello&&L<5" command ... won't work as expected, but if is1,hello if "L<5" command ... will work. Some of the test conditions described below may be used with ">", "==", "!=", or "<" for numeric comparisions. The right hand argument of a numeric comparision may be: + A decimal number. EXAMPLE: if "L>5" abort + A string paremeter which contains a decimal number. EXAMPLE: set maxloops "5" if "L>maxloops" abort + The length of the string stored in a string parameter, denoted by a leading % character. EXAMPLE: set s1 "Hello" set s2 "foo" if "%s1>%s2" echo "%s1 is longer than %s2" These comparisions should be quoted in case a future version of ZCOMM implements output redirection in the same manner as COMMAND.COM or the Unix shell. On 16 bit machines, 16 bit numerical values are used in comparisions; numbers greater than 32767 should not be used. Numeric conditions may also be tested against a bit mask using the & operator. EXAMPLE: if s&64 echo "Caps Lock is ON" 0...25 The specified pattern (see pattern command) was matched in the last wait command. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 Test Conditions Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 213 %svar The specified string parameter svar (see the set command) is non empty. May be used with ">", "==", or "<" for numeric comparisions of the string length of svar. EXAMPLE: if %s1 putw %s1 EXAMPLE: if %symbol>4 ss symbol "(.*)[A-z]"; sets symbol %z1 If the length of the string in string variable symbol exceeds 4, chop off the rightmost letter. ? The ? numeric parameter counts the number of files sent or received with a protocol, and the number of lines matched by the find command. The fFILE test condition (if true) assigns the file length to the ? parameter. On 16 bit computers, file lengths greater than 32767 are represented as 32767. With certain operating systems, the exit status of a subprogram accessed by a DOS Gateway is stored in the ? numeric parameter. The ? numeric parameter may then be tested with the ? test condition. It can be used with ">", "==", or "<" for numeric comparisions. EXAMPLE: p?0 find fizzbin *.txt; if ? echo "Found fizzbin" SEE ALSO: ? numeric parameter B True iff Ctrl-Break has been pressed since the last purgek command. Csvar True iff string parameter svar contains any control characters less than 040 (hex 20) or rubout. EXAMPLE: if Cs0 echo "Please Retype E True iff the elapsed time in seconds is non 0. Used with ">", "==", or "<" for numeric comparisions. NOTE: Elapsed time may be off by up to one second. On 16 bit machines, the maximum testable value for elapsed time is 32767 seconds. EXAMPLE: if "E>300" off Disconnects the modem if the elapsed time is greater than 300 seconds. SEE ALSO: restime command F>N True iff more than N kilobytes (1 kilobyte = 1024 bytes) of free space remain on the default drive. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 Test Conditions Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 214 EXAMPLE: if "F>2000" usq hugefile.q Hregular-expression Searches backward thru the circular buffer for the next line matching regular-expression. If the search is successful, the y string parameter points to the matched line. The N test condition may be used to test the number of lines that were searched before finding a match. EXAMPLE: To allow processing of information such as: 5 Review folder UFO (0 stories) (a typical news item in the Executive News Service), one must scan for lines with a certain pattern (in this case the character "(" immediately followed by 1...9 indicating 1 or more stories). while "H\([1-9]" ss (rest of line) The above searches backwards for the next line containing "(1" to "(9". Note that "(" is a magic character in regular-expressions, and must be escaped. The h test condition is similar, but starts the search with the last displayed line. SEE ALSO: ens.t and kcdisl.t scripts, regular-expressions, y, yb, y0...y127 string parameters, N test condition Isvara,svarb Tests whether the contents of string variable svara are IDENTICAL to the contents of string variable svarb. Case is significant. EXAMPLE: if Is0,s9 goto exactmatch SEE ALSO: i test condition (compares a string parameter and an immediate string) Jsvar,string Tests whether any of the characters in the immediate string string appear one or more times in string parameter svar. EXAMPLE: if "Js0,!@#$%^&()_" echo "No funny characters"; goto getname L>N True iff this while command has made more then N loops. EXAMPLE: while !1 put "\r" wait ife "L>5" off Disconnects the modem if the while command has sent more than five "\r"'s. The "L>N" (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 Test Conditions Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 215 should be quoted in case a future version of ZCOMM implements output redirection in the same manner as command.com or the Unix shell. N>N True iff the last h or H condition searched more than N lines before a match. SEE ALSO: h and H test conditions Q>N True iff the number of active queue entries is greater than N. R>N After a zcommand "" command, evaluates true iff more than N kilobytes (1 kilobyte = 1024 bytes) of free space remain on the remote system's default disk drive. EXAMPLE: zcommand ""; if "R>1000" sz -y hugefile S>N True iff the transmission speed is greater N bits per second. EXAMPLE: if S>2400 put "set verbose\r" U True if ZCOMM was unrestricted when the first level of the current set of scripts was activated. SEE ALSO: u test condition asvar The numeric value of the specified string parameter svar is non zero. May be used with ">", "==", or "<" for numeric comparisions. The string variable may contain leading spaces or tabs, an optional + or - sign, and digits. EXAMPLE: if "as1==30" goto seen30 Performs the goto if s1 contains "30". bTIME True if the current time is Before TIME. TIME is written in the form [yy[mm[dd]]]hhmm. No further conditions may be given in the if statement after the b condition. EXAMPLE: if b2300 return Returns from the script if the time is before 11 p.m. EXAMPLE: if b8512250900 return Returns from the script if the date/time is before 9 a.m. Christmas day in 1985. c Carrier detect is present on the modem port. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 Test Conditions Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 216 EXAMPLE: if !c goto lostit NOTE: On Unix systems, a dis -d command must be given to "arm" the system to detect carrier loss. SEE ALSO: d mode d{?ADLMPSTXZacdflmrtu} True iff the corresponding configuration is true: ? True if an unrecoverable error or manual abort was detected on the last protocol file transfer. A True if the term function's emulation Alternate Keypad Mode mode is on. C>N Numeric, true if the display column is greater than N. D The script is running on a demonstration program. L True if ZCOMM is recording TurboLearn(TM) script information (learn command). M True if term function Keyboard Mapping is on ("display mapkb"). P Packet state is active (X.PC driver). R>N Numeric, true if the display row is greater than N. EXAMPLE: set fa10 @pat 23cp \n "@lput \E[K if dR>23 lput \E[H\E[K" When the Alt-F10 key is struck, a search pattern (23) is set. This searches for each linefeed from the remote and performs a local display clear to end of line on each new line. If the display row exceeds 23, jump to the top of the screen and clear the first line. This "trick" may be used to prevent scrolling on displays that smear badly. S The script is running on a shareware program (e.g., ZCOMM). T True if a higher level of the script has called the Term Function. When True, the script should return to the Term Function; the script should not invoke the Term Function. X The X.PC commands are available. EXAMPLE: if dX goto xpclogin (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 Test Conditions Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 217 Z The ZMODEM commands are available. EXAMPLE: if dZ sz -n logfile a>N True iff ZCOMM was called from the operating system with more than N arguments (counting the program name). c The color/graphics display is selected. d ZCOMM is executing under DOS. f The program is running in the foreground. On DOS, a script is considered to be running in the foreground when it is NOT called by the Callout Queue as described in Chapter 99. A program running in the background is unlikely to have an operator available for interaction. Under Unix, a script is considered to be running in the background if it is detached from possible keyboard input, and ZCOMM will exit when it reaches the main command prompt. SEE ALSO: fg, bg commands l>N True iff the script level (nesting) is greatern than N. m The monochrome display is selected. r Data Set Ready (DSR) on the modem is active. t ZCOMM is running under a Topview or DESQview virtual screen which may be smaller than the physical screen size u ZCOMM is executing under Unix/Xenix. e True iff an t, sz, or rz command terminated with an error, or if the term function has detected framing or overrun errors, since the last autodial. e>N True iff the e parameter (number of errors) is greater than N. EXAMPLE: if "e>5" off Disconnects the modem if more than 5 errors have been counted. The "e>N" should be quoted in case a future version of ZCOMM implements output redirection in the same manner as command.com or the Unix shell. NOTE: The e parameter is not compared within the term function, so "detection" may be delayed. SEE ALSO: e numeric parameter (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 Test Conditions Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 218 fFILE (No space between f and FILE). Tests whether FILE exists as a normal readable file (not a directory or hidden file). FILE is expanded for string parameters. If the test is successful, the ? numeric parameter (testable with the ? test condition) is set to the file length. [1] The N test condition reflects the number of links to the file. EXAMPLE: if fnit put "message\r"; f -xp nit; put "\r\336y" If nit exists, give a "message" command, upload the file, then send carriage return, pause, and the letter "y". When used in a numeric context, the fFILE test represents the size of the file in full kilobytes (1024 bytes), or 1, whichever is greater. EXAMPLE: if ffoo.bar>30 echo "File Longer than 30kb" EXAMPLE: if fspy.kgb if !% echo "Zero Length File" SEE ALSO: obey command g Tests whether term function file transmission flow is go (not stopped by an XOFF character). EXAMPLE: if !g echo "Remote has not sent XON"; pg1 SEE ALSO: g mode, term function XON and XOFF hregular-expression Please refer to the Hregular-expression test condition. isvar,string Tests whether the contents of string variable svar are identical to the immediate string string. Case is significant. No further conditions may be given in the if statement after the i condition. This test is useful in designing menu applications. The menu script menu.hst uses this test condition extensively. EXAMPLE: accept s1 Choice:; if is1,a goto choicea Executes a goto choicea if the user keyboards an a in response to the "Choice:" prompt. __________ 1. On 16 bit computers, file lengths greater than 32767 are represented as 32767. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 Test Conditions Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 219 SEE ALSO: I test condition (compares two string parameters) jsvar,string Tests whether the immediate string string is a substring of (contained somewhere within) the contents of string variable svar. Lower case characters in string match characters in either case. Upper case characters in string match upper case characters. No further conditions may be given in the if statement after the j condition. This test is useful in designing menu applications, and for examining message lines read with the grab command. EXAMPLE: grab s1; if js1,sig= goto endofsig Executes a goto if the line read by the grab command contained "sig=" or "This SIG=". k One or more characters have been received from the keyboard and are in the interrupt queue awaiting processing. Note: Keyboard characters are transmitted to the remote by the term function, except during a put command. l True if the line printer is ready to accept a character. m One or more characters have been received from the modem and are in the interrupt queue awaiting processing. n No pattern was matched as a result of the last wait command or search pending term function. n detects a search timeout, loss of carrier detect signal, or manual exit with F1 or ALT-X. psvar,string Tests whether the immediate string string is a prefix of the contents of string variable svar. The match is case sensitive. No further conditions may be given in the if statement after the p condition. This test is useful for examining message lines read with the grab command. EXAMPLE: grab s1; if ps1,sig= goto endofsig Executes a goto if the line read by the grab command contained "sig=", but not if it contained "This sig=" or "SIG=". q>N True iff the number of free queue entries is greater than N. r True iff a receive file is open for capture. SEE ALSO: create, t commands s>N True iff the keyboard shift state is greater than N. EXAMPLE: if "s>63" echo "Caps Lock is Active" (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 Test Conditions Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 220 t True iff a transmit file is open. EXAMPLE: if !t echoc "%1 Short file! "; goto foobar SEE ALSO: f, open commands u True if ZCOMM is unrestricted. SEE ALSO: U test condition v True if the v (Verbose) numeric parameter is non zero. EXAMPLE: if v s Displays the status on the console if the v numeric parameter (Verbose) is non zero. y ZCOMM accepts a single character from the keyboard, which is printed followed by a newline. True if the character is "y" or "Y". False the H numeric is non zero, and a character is not typed within the time limit set by that parameter. EXAMPLE: echo "Really quit?"; if y quit Compound tests may be formed with the unary ! (not), binary || (or), and binary && (and) operators. The tests are evaluated strictly left to right. The unary ! operator applies to the following operand only. EXAMPLE: if n&&!n||c echo "Carrier Detect Present" simply tests carrier because the result of the binary and operation above is always false. EXAMPLE: if !c||1||2 o abort Disconnects the modem and aborts the script if carrier detect is off, or if either pattern 1 or pattern 2 were matched. EXAMPLE: on e>45||!c goto allsignd Each time the term function returns, branch to the end of the script if carrier detect is lost or more than 45 line hits have been detected. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 25 Terminal Emulation Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 221 26. TERMINAL (CRT) EMULATION ZCOMM emulates the H19, Z19, VT52, VT100, VT102, VT220, Wyse, and LSI-ADM3a terminals. 26.1 Wyse 60 Emulation DOS flavors can emulate the Wyse 60 terminal given the command display wyse. Wyse (wy60) terminal emulation supports operation with applications on Unix/Xenix systems. The command display wyse enables Wyse screen emulation. Wyse emulation can place YAM in "PC Terminal" mode with 25 display lines (status line invisible) and "scan code" operation. Since the SysRq key does not return a code to Zcomm, the sequence LeftShift Alt = sends the scancodes generated by the SysRq key. To exit from VP/ix, hold down on the LeftShift and Alt keys, tap =, tap m (for menu), and then tap q before releasing the Alt and Shift keys. 26.2 VT220 8 bit Controls The command display 8bit casuses ZCOMM to emulate the VT220 in "level 2" operation. The DEC "GR" display characters are not currently supported. Similarly, 8 bit Dasher terminal emulation is enabled by the display 8bit command. 26.3 Keyboard Mapping When enabled by a display mapkb command, DOS flavors of ZCOMM reassign keys to simulate the function keys of the emulated terminal. Keyboard Mapping operartes only in the term function, where the mappings override the other meanings of the affected keys. The following key assignments for a PC-AT style 84 key keyboard are made by the distribution setup entry. VT100 Keyboard Mappings for PC-AT Keyboard PC Key.................VT100 keyCharacter F7.....................UP.......A Cursor Keys F8.....................DOWN.....B F9.....................LEFT.....D F10....................RIGHT....C F1.....................PF1......P PF Keys F2.....................PF2......Q F3.....................PF3......R F4.....................PF4......S Pad 0..................Pad 0....p Number-Pad Keys (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 26 Terminal Emulation Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 222 ... Pad 9..................Pad 9....y Pad -..................Pad -....m Pad *(PrtSC)..........., comma..l (lowercase L) Del (.)................(.) (period)n Pad +..................ENTER....M Many users prefer a different keyboard layout for terminal emulation. Laptop computers that do not use a standard keyboard layout may not map well in Alternate Keypad Mode, suggesting different mappings. The mk command, K and N numeric parameters provide a flexible, if complex, keyboard mapping ability for various terminal emulations. ZCOMM's term function maps the keyboard by scanning a table of mappings for a match to the key's modified scan code, shift state, and the state of the emulation machine. Iff the match is successful, special characters required by the emulation are sent to the application according to the class field, followed by the character(s) defined in the mapping. If you have a 101 key keyboard and ROM BIOS support for it, set the K numeric parameter to 1 to activate the extra keys,[1] and set the N numeric parameter to 1 to keep the keyboard in its preferred NumLock state at all times. With a regular keyboard, you must make more compromises in selecting your keyboard mapping, depending on which keys are important to your particular application. In particular, the "5" key on the numeric pad doesn't work unless NumLock is on. The four possible values of the N numeric parameter allow the keyboard to be placed in NumLock none of the time, all the time, when the emulation's Numeric Keypad mode is on, or when Alternate Keypad mode is on. To devise your own mapping, you will need to know the modified scan code, shift state, and ZCOMM internal value for each key you wish to use. The modified scan code and internal value information are provided by the _ (underscore) command. To clear the keyboard mappings, give the mk command without arguments. For each term function keyboard mapping, the mk command takes four arguments. __________ 1. This may cause problems with certain versions of IBM BIOS. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 26 Terminal Emulation Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 223 modified scan code This is normally the value returned by the ROM BIOS indicating the key's physical location on the keyboard. If the raw scancode equals 224 (extended keyboard only), the modified scancode consists of the scancode added to the ZCOMM internal code. It is shown by the second number printed by the _ (underscore) command. shift state The arithmetic sum of the following conditions: 1 Right hand shift key 2 Left hand shift key 4 Ctrl Key 8 Alt key 16 Provided the Shift, Crrl, and Alt key states match, select this mapping regardless of whether the Application Keypad Mode or the Decoded Function Key conditions (below) are true. 32 Alternate Keypad Mode (not numeric) 64 Decoded Function Key (Character value greater than 0400 as displayed by the _ (underscore) command. 128 Select this mapping unconditionally. Note that a separate entry must be made for each shift key (left/right). A separate entry may be made for BOTH left and right shif keys provided your computer's BIOS recognizes characters entered with both shift keys down. class 0 Cursor Code (LRUD). In VT52 mode, ESC is prepended to the string. In VT100 Application mode, "ESC [" is prepended. In VT100 Cursor mode, "ESC O" is prepended. 1 PFK Key. In VT52 mode, ESC is prepended, otherwise "ESC O". 2 Numeric Keypad. Not mapped in Numeric Keypad mode. In Alternate Keypad mode, the string is prepended with with "ESC ?" for VT52, "ESC O" for VT100. 3 An ESC is prepended. 4 No characters are added to the string. string A string of 1 to 7 characters taken from the third column above. Control characters must be represented with ZCOMM (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 26 Terminal Emulation Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 224 character escapes. 96 keyboard mapping entries are allowed. EXAMPLE: We wish to map the Up key to send the VT100 cursor up code. First, we see _ (underscore) command dislays 72 72 0 510 for the Up key, indicating a scan code of 72, modified scan code of 72, 0 shift state, and a ZCOMM internal code of 0510 (Function Key). (Exit the _ command by typing Ctrl-Enter). To make this key always active in "display mapkb" mode, assign it a shift state of 16. Since VT100 cursor keys have class 0, the command is: mk 72 16 0 A EXAMPLE: mk 72 1 0 A maps "right shift keypad 8" to send the VT100 cursor up code (assumes right shift key). The set command may also be used to define suitable key mappings. SEE ALSO: dA and dM test conditions, std.mk and 101.mk key mapping script files. 26.4 Display Operation When ZCOMM starts up, or regains control after a DOS Gateway, the video mode and number of columns and rows are interrogated with a BIOS interrupt call. If the columns are less than 80, or if the BIOS video mode is between 4 and 6, the video mode is changed to 3 (color, 80x25). If other BIOS video modes cause problems, give a DOS "mode co80" or "mode mono" command before starting ZCOMM. Display boards with more than 80 columns or more than 25 lines are supported by the # and $ numeric parameters (q.v.). If a monochrome or EGA board is detected during initialization, warpdrive is selected for best performance. ZCOMM supports extended EGA displays with ANSI 132 column escape codes and the V numeric parameter. Special text video modes can be accessed with the videobios command. If ZCOMM is started with a Topview or DESQview virtual screen, the video memory pointers are adjusted. For special applications, the display may be completely inhibited with a "display inhibit" command. Updating of the display is reenabled by a display NOinhibit command or a fatal error disgnostic. In addition, ZCOMM can emulate hard copy terminals by displaying identical overstruck characters in bold (high intensity) and by (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 26 Terminal Emulation Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 225 underlining characters when the overstrike involves the ASCII underline character. This is enabled with a "display overstrike" command. (With the Color/Graphics board, underlining is represented by reverse video.) (A character position on the screen is overstruck if the character position being written already contains a character.) If the applications used involve backspacing and overstriking for character editing, overstrike will produce random bold characters and may be shut off with a "display NOoverstrike" command. Alternatively, the term function subcommand ALT-O will toggle overstrike. Normally, a received linefeed causes vertical movement only. If nlmode is set with a "display nlmode" command, a received linefeed also performs a carriage return. Nlmode is useful for Unix(TM) and similar systems. ZCOMM's Nlmode setting must agree with Unix's nlmode setting for screen oriented programs such as Berkeley Editor to function properly. Normally ZCOMM autowraps if there are too many characters on a line. This can be turned off with a "display noautowrap" command. Normally a received bell character will jangle the speaker with a beep. The command "display bell=visual" silently displays BEL as a flashing musical note without spacing to the next character position. The monochrome display adapter and some Color/Graphics boards allow DMA access to the video RAM without snow (sometimes called Chromablizzard). Warpdrive can be used with the Paradise Systems Multidisplay Card, The IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter, and on the Compaq without daggers flying about the screen. Many of the aftermarket graphics display boards also work properly with warpdrive. Warpdrive doubles the raw display update speed. When operating with some color/graphics display controllers (including the IBM CGA board), updating the display will cause snow to appear on the screen unless warpdrive is disabled. 26.5 Non Standard Displays ZCOMM defaults to a 80 by 25 display, with the bottom line used for status information. Some displays support more than 25 lines and/or more than 80 characters per line. In other cases, ZCOMM might be run in a small window in multitasking environments such as TopView, DESQview, or Windows. The $ and # numeric parameters may be set to accomodate these situations. A cls command should be given after changing the $ or # numeric parameter. When ZCOMM starts up, the $ numeric parameter (number of columns) is set according to the value returned by the BIOS. ANSI 132 column escape codes are not recognized in windowed operation. Chapter 21 describes these parameters. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 26 Log Entry Codes Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 226 27. LOGGING ENTRIES ZCOMM can be set to keep various logs with the callers, calllog, rcmdlog, rxlog, and txlog string parameters. Entries in the log files include a code in the first column to indicate the conditions of the operation associated with the entry. They are encoded as follows: * An open file was implicitly closed when another file was opened or as a result of a port or call command, or dialing a number. C Successful completion of a Compuserve B protocol file transfer. C Call terminated by loss of carrier detect, bye or off command, or dialing another phone number. Connect time is displayed in tenths of minutes. c An open file was closed with a close or ALT-C command. E Operation terminated by error. F A transmit file was closed as a result of an end of file encountered as it was transmitted by the term function. g A transmit file was closed as a result of an end of file encountered by the grab command, file received with the fget command. K Successful Kermit file transfer. L Log entry of a host state login, connect time in tenths of minutes. m Message received with the message or private command. n The file name shown is illegal for the local operationg system, and has been changed to "rename.###". The numeric value of ### is shown in the count field. R Successful file received with XMODEM family protocol. Q Questionable filtransfer sent with XMODEM family protocol. On receive: an EOT character was received but could not be verified; the file may be truncated. On Send: All data blocks were acknowledgd, but the EOT was not. q Partially transmitted file skipped by request. S Successful file sent with XMODEM or XMODEM BATCH protocol. t File received with TWX convention (terminated by EOT, ETX, or ^Z). (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 27 Log Entry Codes Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 227 U An incomplete received file was Unlinked (removed). X Call terminated by off or x command or by software termination signal. x A file was closed implicitly when ZCOMM exited to the operating system. Z Successful file received with ZMODEM protocol. z Successful file sent with ZMODEM protocol. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 27 Log Entry Codes Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 228 27.1 Performance Log The plog string parameter enables file transfer performance logging. The default empty value disables this function. Performance log keeping does not affect the nolog command. A sample entry is shown below. The fields are: speed, log code, "L" for loss of carrier detect (otherwise blank), file name, length, average transfer rate (characters per second), transfer time in seconds (file open to file close), number of seconds required to start the transfer, number of errors (retransmissions), flow control transistions, block length/subpacket length (at end of file), measured round trip delay time in hundredths of seconds, the command (or facsimilie thereof), the other program's serial number (-1 if not available), the directory entry or caller's name, and the hardware handshake option. 2400 Z FOO.ARC 153760 186 826 1 20 260 256 234 sz 1171 guess who off The above example shows 1 second to start the transfer, 20 retransmissions, and 260 times that YAM had to wait for flow control release. This unusual set of figures is the result of a "networked" transfer through the "cu" program on a Unix system to a PC, not a normal connection or PC-Pursuit access. The count of flow control transitions gives an indication of flow control restraint applied by the modem, network, or receiver. Since it counts the times YAM has entered a wait because of flow control restraint and not the total amount of time spent in that state, it is not an accurate quantitative measure. The file transfer time and throughput calculation excludes the time required to start the transfer, since that time is often not under the protocol's control. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 27 Error (and other) Messages Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 229 28. ERROR (and other) MESSAGES In the following messages, a %s refers to a filename or some other name or string. %d or %ld refers to a decimal number. %x refers to hexadecimal number, usually a character received from the modem. Error messages referring to the XMODEM protocol and/or XMODEM/CRC protocol also apply to the the YMODEM Batch protocol, which is an extension of the XMODEM protocol. Most of the XMODEM error messages are preceded by the sector and error number. ; not allowed with while The while command does not allow any semicolons to exist on the rest of the line. Aborting with error from remote: The remote Kermit program has aborted the file transfer with the following message. Access Password When ZCOMM is in host operation, callers must enter an access password to gain access to the system, unless the string parameter Password is empty. Awaiting initial NAK When sending a file with the XMODEM protocol, ZCOMM is waiting for the receiver to start the transfer with an initial NAK character. Awaiting pathname NAK When sending a file in the the YMODEM Batch protocol, ZCOMM is waiting for the receiver to request transmission of the file name, and length. Bad CIS ESC request %x ZCOMM has detected an undefined Compuserve Protocol escape request. Usually due to a line hit or an aborted transfer. Bad CIS request %x ZCOMM has detected an undefined Compuserve Protocol request. Usually due to a line hit or an aborted transfer. Bad Command Please refer to Chapter 15 for legal commands. Bad Condition Please refer to Chapter 24 for legal conditions which may be tested by the if or while commands. Bad CRC=%x An error was detected on the last block received with the XMODEM or the YMODEM Batch protocol. ZCOMM will request retransmission of the block. Bad Directory The directory given in a cd command does not exist or is unreadable. Bad Disk A command of the form D: attempted to change the default disk to one that is not in the string parameter disks. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 28 Error (and other) Messages Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 230 Bad Mode Please refer to Chapter 18 for a list of legal Modes. Bad Option Please refer to Chapter 17 for legal Options to the k, r and s commands. Bad Parameter The p command was given with an unknown parameter letter. The parameters that can be set may be displayed with the p command given without any parameter. Bad parity Setting The 7{eoms} mode must be be one of e o m s (even, odd, marking, spacing). Bad SNP A valid and legal serial number-password must be entered with the putsnp program. Call Terminated An attempt at connecting to a remote system has been abandoned. Can't allocate buffer ZCOMM was unable to allocate memory for the circular buffer, forcing an immediate exit. Can't find Directory entry for %s A call or gosub command for name failed because name was not found in the directory. Can't open %s errno = %d The named file cannot be opened for reading or writing (depending on the application). The common reasons are listed below: 1 No such file or directory. 4 Bad file number. 5 Not enough core. 6 Permission denied. 7 File exists. 8 Cross-device link. 10 Too many open files. (If this error appears when the specified file is accessible, increase the number of available files with a "FILES=20" statement in CONFIG.SYS.) 11 No space left on device. 14 Resource deadlock would occur. Can't send pathname %s The receiver did not accept the named pathname in a batch transfer. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 28 Error (and other) Messages Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 231 Cannot unsqueeze %s An error attempting to unsqueeze a SQueezed file. A required key file is missing, or the decoding information stored in the beginning of the SQueezed file is corrupted. No Carrier Detect The Carrier Detect signal from the modem (pin 8 of the RS232 connector) is OFF. This is often caused by a bad modem cable, or improper modem strapping options. Setting d mode prevents ZCOMM from issuing this message. Changing pathname An illegal pathname has been received. ZCOMM is changing the pathname to one the local operating system will accept. Checksum Bad rx=%x cx=%x The last block was received with a bad checksum. The received checksum and the calculated checksum are displayed. A retransmission request will be made. Checksum error in %s A SQueezed file did not UnSQueeze with the expected checksum. Most likely a data error in the SQueezed file, or the Key file (if the file was encrypted). Another possibly is a software error in the program that SQueezed the file. Closing %s Reception of data for the named file has finished and ZCOMM is closing out the file. Command not allowed remotely Certain commands may only be given from the local keyboard as they would sever communications with a remote user in host operation. Connected to Console Keyboard This message is sent to a caller when the chat command is given in host operation. *** DISK FULL *** If this message appears, your problems may have just started; DOS has been known to trash the disk file system when the disk is filled up. If the disk has been filled up as a result of receiving data with the term function, use the t, b, w review subcommands to store the unwritten data on disk. The browse command may be used to free up disk space. The integrity of the disk file system should be checked with chkdsk/f as soon as possible. Enter message up to 64 lines, type blank line when finished The message or private command allows the user (local, or remote when is host operation) to enter a message which will be appended to the Messages or Private file. Error Checksum=%x Got %x An error was detected in a record received from Compuserve. ZCOMM will request retransmission. Error Recovery ZCOMM has detected a protocol error and is waiting for the line to settle before proceeding. Exists. Replace/Append/Quit (r/a/q)?? The named file already exists (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 28 Error (and other) Messages Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 232 on the local system. You have three options: Replace the old file with the new data, Append the new data to the end of the old file, or Quit the transfer. Exit chat with ^Z The remote should type Ctrl-Z to exit from chat back to the ZCOMM prompt. Falling back to XMODEM/CRC An attempted XMODEM-CRC file receive has failed because the sender has not responded to CRC Send requests, so Zcomm will now try checksum XMODEM. FILES OPEN A transmit and/or receive file is open. Files should be closed before executing any commands that would modify data on disk and/or any directories. Fetching pathname ZCOMM has requested the remote sender to transmit the name and length of the next file in a the YMODEM Batch protocol transfer. File is Not SQueezed The USQ command has detected a file which does not have the standard header for SQueezed files. The file is ignored. found %d %s This informational message is generated when the term function matches a pattern and the v parameter is non zero. Got %x for record ACK The Compuserve computer rejected the last record sent. Got %x for sector ACK In the XMODEM protocol, a transmitted sector elicited a response other than the expected ACK, or a NAK. Perhaps the receiving program has terminated and ZCOMM is trying to send the record to the remote's operating system command prompt. Got %x for ACK to EOT The XMODEM protocol sends an EOT to terminate each file transfer. The proper response to the EOT is an ACK; anything else is an error. ZCOMM resends the EOT up to ten times if an ACK is not received. Got %x sector header In the XMODEM protocol, A sector should start with 01 or 02. (02 signifies a 1024 byte block.) An EOT followed by extraneous characters appears as a sector header of 04 (EOT). Got burst for sector ACK In the XMODEM protocol, sectors are acknowledged with a single ACK (006) character. ZCOMM detects an invalid ACK response by waiting two character times to make sure no noise burst accompanied the ACK. It's far better to retransmit a block which has been received correctly than it is to incorrectly proceed to the next block, causing a synchronization error. Got record %x expecting %x A synchronization error has been detected in the Compuserve protocol. The file should be deleted as it will (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 28 Error (and other) Messages Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 233 have been truncated. Got ZRPOS indicates the receiving program has detected a transmission error and has requested retransmission. In other words, ZMODEM is doing its job of detecting and correcting missing and garbled data. Please refer to Chapter 13 for more information. Goto not in script context The goto command is valid only in a script. Hit F1 to End When receiving data with the fget command, hit F1 to end data collection. Any regular character is passed to the remote. Hit any Key to stop When sending a file with the fput command, ZCOMM samples the keyboard every so often to allow the operator to abort the transfer. The keyboard is not scanned continuously because the resulting overhead would impair the throughput available with the fput command. Incorrect The password entered is not the correct password. Insufficient DOS FILES=# Add a FILES=20 line to the active CONFIG.SYS file and reboot DOS to get a sufficient number of file handles to support the level of script nesting required for your application. Internal Stack Failure The number and/or size of DOS 3.2 internal stacks should be increased, or a better operating system should be substituted. %s Is Illegal Device Device is not one of the legal devices in the string parameter Disks. Is Restricted Path When ZCOMM is Restricted, only the Home directory and its subdirectories may be accessed. Key file read error An input error was detected while reading a key file used to decrypt SQueezed files. Label %s not found A goto label command was given, but label could not be found in the same file as the goto command. Loc 0 Corrupted An internal error (data stored into location 0 in the data segment) has been detected. If not caused by a hardware problem, please report to Omen. Local Kermit Timed Out ZCOMM did not receive a Kermit packet from the remote within the timeout specified by the Kermit t parameter. Modem SR=%x While receiving a file with the XMODEM protocol, a framing, break, overrun, or other such error was detected by the UART. The UART's Line Status Register is displayed in octal. The possible error conditions, 02=Overrun, 04=Parity Error, 08=Framing Error, and (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 28 Error (and other) Messages Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 234 10=Break, may occur singly or or'ed together. A typical value is 63, signifying data ready, overrun, break, and transmitter holding register empty. Must set top with t command first When using the w subcommand from review, the top of the buffer segment to be written must be set with the t subcommand. NAK on sector In the XMODEM protocol, the receiver detected a transmission error and has requested retransmission. No ACK on EOT In the XMODEM protocol, and EOT is sent and acknowledged after the data blocks have been sent. This message indicates that the EOT has not been acknowledged after 10 attempts. No ACK on sector The XMODEM transmit protocol has retransmitted the sector 10 times without receiving an acknowledgement from the receiver. This is usually caused by a loss of connection, or by a software or hardware problem that does not allow all characters to pass without error. For example, if the modem cannot pass a character with the 8th bit set, the sector number cannot be sent. Kermit should be used under such conditions. No Carrier Detect The Carrier Detect signal from the modem (pin 8 of the RS232 connector) is OFF. This is often caused by a bad modem cable, improper modem strapping options, bad port number selection, or a defective or incorrectly configured serial interface. Setting d mode prevents ZCOMM from issuing this message. No such command The DOS Gateway handler was unable to load the proper command and/or command.com. Not allowed to overwrite %s When ZCOMM is restricted, existing files may not be overwritten. Nothing to read A read command was given and no file is open for reading. Null Pathname An attempt was made to reference a file with an empty file name. This error sometimes results from a software bug in Compuserve software attempting to download a file with a filename it can't handle correctly, so it just leaves the filename empty. Obey Recursion = %d The main command parser has been called recursively with too many script levels and/or invocations of the obey command. Other end no longer in Kermit Other side timed out. The Kermit on the other computer has terminated the file transfer. Out of Memory ZCOMM has exhausted the memory available to it. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 28 Error (and other) Messages Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 235 Output Flow Control Restraint RELEASED The network or modem did not release flow control within the time limit set by the S numeric parameter. This message is usually caused by a spurious XOFF character generated by line noise. It may also be caused by missing CTS (Clear To Send) signal on the data port. OVERRUN: DATA May Be Lost Data has been received from the Remote faster than ZCOMM could process it. Some of it has been rerouted to the proverbial bit bucket. Pause (grab) Sending of data has been stopped by execution of the grab command. Pause (handshake) Pause (XOFF) Sending of data has been suspended by flow control. Pattern Flags Reset This message is a reminder that any "pattern found" flags are being reset. If this message appears after a phrase has been "found", but before the phrase is expected, or before the wait statement that should have "seen" the phrase, the script needs to be modified. Port %d (%X) defective The indicated communications port (8250 integrated circuit) failed a simple diagnostic test. Errors in the option board switch or strap settings may prevent the port from being accessible at the expected address. PRINTER SPOOLER BUSY The print spooler has been enabled with the l mode, and had not finished outputting from the circular buffer to the printer when you exited the term function. To print the rest of the data, return to the term function with F2. You may exit ZCOMM at this time, but the rest of the data you wanted to print will be lost. Receive:'%s' FILE OPEN The named file has been opened for protocol transfer. Received dup Sector The last sector was apparently received twice. In the XMODEM protocol, a retransmission is requested in case the sector number was garbled by an otherwise undetected error. The duplicate sector is accepted, discarded, and file transfer proceeds. Receiving in Batch Mode Files will be received using the error correcting YMODEM Batch protocol. %s removed A file received in error is removed to allow another attempt at uploading it correctly. Restricted Command This command is not allowed when ZCOMM is Restricted to protect the system from inadvertent and/or willful tampering. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 28 Error (and other) Messages Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 236 Resynchronizing When ZCOMM is sending a file to another copy of ZCOMM using CRC-16, recovery from sync errors is possible. Scripts nested too deep Too many levels of call, gosub, and source commands are active. Sector number garbled An error has been detected in the sector number of the last received packet. A retransmission will be requested. If this error persists for all 9 retries, the transmission medium or the remote software may be messing with the 8th bit and/or characters with certain bit patterns. Modems and networks often "eat" control characters, especially XON and XOFF. Switching to ZMODEM or Kermit may solve the problem. Sender CANcelled The Remote has aborted file transfers by sending a sequence of CAN characters. Sending in Batch Mode One or more files are being sent in the YMODEM Batch Error correcting protocol. Serial Input Error: Line Status Register HH indicates a slow device driver, TSR program, or other software is disabling interrupts too long for the program to accept incoming data, and some characters are lost. A slow response to folow control also triggers this message. The value of the line status register is displayed in HEX. The following error conditions when present OR into the Line Status Register. 01 The Interrupt level circular buffer has been overrun. The remote did not respond to ZCOMM's XOFF or hardware flow control, and continued to send characters after being told not to. This problem is alleviated by correct modem flow control configuration. 02 An 02 value for the LSR indicates Data Overrun. "Data Overrun" means the computer was not able to respond to an incoming character from the UART (modem) in time to make room for the next incoming character. Data Overruns are caused by poorly designed software (or ROM BIOS "firmware") locking out interrupts for excessive periods. These lockouts prevent the communications program from responding to the incoming characters quickly enough. To correct Data Overruns, correct the offending condition(s) to allow the communications program to operate properly. Common causes of excessively long interrupt lockouts ("critical (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 28 Error (and other) Messages Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 237 code regions") are disk drivers (BIOS), window managers, disk caches, TSR programs, EGA/VGA board auto-select. Some BIOS programs are written without regard to their effect on high speed communications. Sometimes better versions of the offending BIOS programs are made available if enough users complain about poor performance. Interrupt latency caused by EGA/VGA board auto-select can be often corrected by disabling the board's Auto-Select. Other chapters in this document give suggestions for working around excessive interrupt latency, primarily the handshake slow command and use of the NS16550AN UART chip. Please refer to the "Brain Damaged UARTS" subchapter. Please try all the suggestions mentioned here before contacting Omen Technology about data overruns. 08 Framing Error generally caused by line noise or an incorrect transmission speed ("baud rate") or format (number of bits). Most protocols require 8 bits no parity (-8n) for proper operation. This is set automatically by Omen Technology programs, but other programs may not be so smart. 10 Break Interrupt generally caused by line noise or an incorrect transmission speed ("baud rate") or format (number of bits). 18 Framing Error and Break Interrupt (see above) in combination. This error may also be caused by defective 8250 UART chips. Certain internal modem cards have slow 8250 chips that do not operate properly with computers faster than 4.77 mHz. Replacing the 8250 with a NS16550AN is recommended. Setab: %d %s The displayed string of length %d has been queued to be sent to the remote as a result of a put, or putw command, or an answerback request. Setab is also used in sending entstr in response to typing ENTER. *** STACK OVERFLOW *** Indicates ZCOMM has run out of memory for the program stack. Do not pass go, do not collect $200. Reboot the system with Ctrl-Alt-Del. If you are using a large number of string variables, or if you have a large DOS enviornment, decreasing the size of ZCOMM's circular buffer with a DOS "set CBSIZE=" command may help. If this appears to be a ZCOMM software problem, please report it to (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 28 Error (and other) Messages Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 238 Omen Technology Inc. String too long The string would have been longer than the storage space allocated for it. Sync Error: got %d In the XMODEM protocol, a sector was received whose sector number does not match the expected sector number modulo 256, or the last sector number received modulo 256. This usually happens when a transmission error causes the sender to receive a false ACK. Unless the o (OverThruster) or g option was used,[1] ZCOMM will request retransmission in case the invalid sector number was a result of a line hit. If the file is being sent with CRC-16 by another copy of ZCOMM, resynchronization will be attempted after ten retries. Term Function Recursion = %d The term function has been forced to call itself recursively by f or t commands. Use open or create commands instead. Timeout The Compuserve computer has not sent any data for a long time. When things get this slow, it is best to disconnect and ask Compurerve to credit you for wasted connect charges. Timeout on sector ACK In XMODEM protocol, ZCOMM times out waiting for an acknowledgement to a transmitted sector. Too Few arguments The command needs more operands than were given it. Transaction ABORTED BY ERROR / successful The message indicates the ending status of the last file transfer or command download. If a file transfer ended in error, the last file may be truncated. Transfer Aborted: %ld Characters Received The Compuserve protocol has aborted file transfer due to an error. Transmit Data. When data has been sent, close it by typing ^Z When a remote caller has created a file with the t filename command, ZCOMM indicated readiness to receive data with this message. When the file has been transmitted to ZCOMM, a Ctrl-Z will close the file. Unknown Machine Type ZCOMM looks at the ROM BIOS location F000:FFFE to determine whether it is running on a PC, XT, PC-jr, or PC-AT. If the byte fetched in not a standard IBM value, ZCOMM complains and assumes the machine is equivalent to a PC or XT with respect to clock speed and i/o overlap. SEE ALSO: o numeric parameter __________ 1. These options prevent error recovery. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 28 Error (and other) Messages Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 239 Unterminated Quoted Token A string token was quoted with a leading " (doublequote) character, but no matching " (doublequote) could be found on the same line. Waiting for call %d ZCOMM is in host operation and is awaiting call N. If n is greater than 1, then n-1 calls have been received since ZCOMM was invoked. Warning: Old dport=%x ier=%x out2=%x mask=%x isr=%08lX When selecting a port, ZCOMM has discovered that the port's interrupt enable bit was already set. Some programs use modem interrupts for their operation but then fail to reset the interrupt enables when they exit. When another program overlays the old program's interrupt service routine, an interrupt from the modem will transfer control to the overwritten memory locations, with unpredicatable results. If the interrupt was set up by a memory resident program or device driver, this message may be ignored. This information might be useful in the event of difficulties caused by such programs. This message may be suppressed by defining the DOS environment variable HOTPORT. EXAMPLE: C>set HOTPORT=1 SEE ALSO: port, portx commands Wrong number of arguments The set command accepts 0 arguments (display current values) or two arguments, the parameter name and the new value for it. XON Timeout The Kermit protocol (with the x option set) has timed out waiting for an XON character. ZMODEM Garbage count exceeded The reciever has detected a CRC or other error and signalled the sender, but the sender apparently has not received and responded to the retransmission request in a timely manner. Usually caused by transmission line noise corrupting the retransmission request as well as the file data, or by an excessive number of characters stored in the modems and networks. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 28 Hardware Compatability Version 17.50 TurboDial 2.33 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 240 29. HARDWARE/SOFTWARE COMPATABILITY 29.1 Hardware Compatibility Notes IBM PS/2 Model 50Z Early samples of this machine have a design error on the motherboard that causes comms programs to lock up the machine. Replacing the motherboard with a correctly functioning unit from current production corrects the problem. The part number of the replacement PS2/50 Z motherboard is 35F5928. (Information provided by John M. Choma 73047,3566) In the U.S. IBM has stonewalled on this issue, but in December 1988 agreed to replace the defective motherboards under warranty. NEC Multispeed The NEC Multispeed computer locks up unless STACKS is set in CONFIG.SYS. In addition, one should disable floppy disk power save mode, and set popup program memory allocation to 0. For best results, use the latest NEC software patches to the NEC MSDOS, and/or use an IBM PC-DOS instead of the DOS supplied by NEC. EGA/VGA Multimode Boards Some multimode EGA and VGA boards include an "auto select" feature designed to configure the board to various display standards using software trickery. In the case of Paradise VGA and others, this feature causes excessive interrupt latency and loss of data at high speeds. Disabling the auto select on the display board corrects this problem. EGA Wonder The BIOS in the ATI EGA Wonder has been observed to increase interrupt latency to the dismay of 9600 bps operation on an 8 mHz no wait state AT clone. There has also been a report (unexplained) that an EGA board has induced line noise in one instance. Tecmar Graphics Master To use ZCOMM with this display board, give a mode mono command before running ZCOMM. Leading Edge MODEMS and I/O BOARDS Some Leading Edge modems and interface boards use 8250 UART devices that do not respond correctly when the software turns the transmitter interrupts on and off. High performance communications programs such as ZCOMM require properly functioning UART chips, such as the National Semiconductor 16450 or 16550A. 29.2 Brain Damaged UARTS Omen Technology has received reports of problems with buggy 8250 type UART integrated circuits in Leading Edge modem boards, serial port interfaces, and computers. The defective chip logic affects high performance software. Replacing the buggy chip with a newer chip (16450 or NS16550AN) corrects the problem. (C) 1989 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 29 Hardware Compatability